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STAGE 7
566 LESSON 93
REALIZE
CONSEQUENCE
RAT
AMBITION
zdawać sobie sprawę konsekwencja
szczur ambicja
DO YOU THINK THAT, WHEN A MAN MURDERS SOMEONE, HE REALLY
REALIZES WHAT HE IS DOING AT THE TIME AND REALIZES THE CON-
SEQUENCES OF HIS ACTIONS ?/ Yes, I think that... or.. No, I don't think that...
DID YOU REALIZE THAT, IN SOME LARGE CITIES IN THE WORLD,
THERE ARE MORE RATS THAN PEOPLE ?
Yes, I realized... or... No, I
didn't realize
HAVE YOU GOT AN AMBITION ?
Yes, I've got... or ... No, I haven't...
WHAT'S YOUR AMBITION ?
DO YOU THINK YOU'LL EVER REALIZE YOUR AMBITION ? Yes, I think I'll
... or... No, I don't think ...
WHY OR WHY NOT ?/
567
THE PRONUNCIATION OF "ED" IN THE PAST TENSE OF
REGULAR VERBS
•
PLEASE (v) podobać się, zadowolić kogoś
When the Past Tense of a regular verb ends in the letters "ded" or "ted" the final sound
is pronounced - "id". For example:
DECIDED: DEPENDED: DIVIDED: ENDED: INCLUDED: NEEDED:
CONSISTED: CORRECTED: COUNTED: LASTED: POINTED:
PROTECTED: TASTED: REPEATED: WAITED: WANTED/
Generally, when the Past Tense of a regular verb ends in the letters c-ch-k-p-ss
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- sh - or x before the letters - “ed” the final sound is pronounced -t. In the other words,
the “ed” is only pronounced “id” after a “t” or a “d”. After all other letters, it is
pronounced “t”. For example:
COMMENCED
: DANCED: PLACED
LUNCHED:
REACHED: TOUCHED
ASKED:
COOKED: KICKED: LIKED: LOOKED: SMOKED:
THANKED: WALKED: WORKED
568
HELPED:
STOPPED: TYPED
CROSSED:
DRESSED: PRACTISED
BRUSHED:
FINISHED: WASHED
BOXED: MIXED./
The word "practised" has only one "s", but the final "d" is still pronounced "t". If,
however, the "s" were pronounced "z", as in the verb "please", then the final sound
would be pronounced "d" and not "t".
WHEN THE PAST TENSE OF A REGULAR VERB ENDS IN "DED" OR
"TED", HOW DO WE PRONOUNCE THE FINAL SOUND ?/ When the ... we
pronounce the final sound "-id"
GIVE ME SOME EXAMPLES, PLEASE ! ... decided, depended, consisted, corrected ...
IN WHAT KIND OF VERBS IS THE FINAL SOUND PRONOUNCED - "T" ?
The kind of verbs in which the final sound is pronounced "t" are
those which end in the letters c - ch - k - p - ss - sh - or, x, or,
in other words, those which do not end in "t" or" d"
GIVE ME SOME EXAMPLES, PLEASE ! ... commenced, lunched, asked, helped,
crossed, brushed, boxed
569
LEAD
-
LED
-
LED
prowadzić, wieść
WHAT DOES THE VERB "TO LEAD" MEAN ?/ The verb ... means ...
WHAT'S THE PARADIGM OF "LEAD" ? The paradigm of... lead - led - led
IF I TRAVELLED NORTH ALONG THE MAIN ROAD LEADING OUT OF
THIS TOWN, WHERE'D THE ROAD LEAD ME TO ? If you ... it'd lead you ...
IF IT WERE NIGHT TIME, AND VERY DARK, AND WE CAME TO AN OLD
HOUSE STANDING ALONE IN THE COUNTRY, WHICH WE THOUGHT
MIGHT BE FULL OF GHOSTS, WOULD YOU BE QUITE WILLING TO
LEAD THE WAY INTO THE HOUSE ? Yes, if it were ... and we came ... which we
thought... I'd be quite ... or... No, if it were ...
WHY OR WHY NOT ?/ ... afraid ...
WOULD YOU SAY YOU'D LED A FAIRLY COMFORTABLE LIFE ?
Yes, I'd say I'd led a... or... No, I wouldn't say I'd led a...
EVENTUALLY
ostatecznie
TAKE CARE OF
opiekować się
We generally use the word "eventually" when we know that something is going to
happen in the future, but we don't know exactly when. For example, "We shall all
eventually die - one day in the future - but we don't know when"./
570 WHEN DO WE GENERALLY USE THE WORD "EVENTUALLY" ?
We generally ... when we know ...
GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE, PLEASE ! We shall eventually be able to speak
English very well
WILL IT EVENTUALLY RAIN AGAIN? Yes, [I suppose] it'll eventually rain again
WHEN ? We don't know
IF YOU HAD A CAR AND YOU DIDN'T TAKE CARE OF IT AS YOU
SHOULD, WHAT'D EVENTUALLY HAPPEN?/ If... it'd eventually stop going
WHAT DO YOU SUPPOSE WILL EVENTUALLY HAPPEN TO THE WORLD ?
I suppose ... eventually become a better place to live in ...
SUPPLY
zaopatrywać, dostarczać
DO YOU HAVE TO SUPPLY YOUR OWN PEN AND PAPER FOR DOING
DICTATIONS, OR DOES THE SCHOOL SUPPLY YOU WITH THEM ?/ Yes, I
have to supply ... or... No, I don't have to ...
the school supplies me with them
DO YOU KNOW WHERE THIS TOWN GETS ITS WATER SUPPLY FROM ?
Yes, I know where ... it gets it from ... or ... No, I don't know where ...
571
SINK - SANK - SUNK FLOAT
WINDY
DROWN
tonąć - tonąć - zatonąć płynąć, zalać wietrzny
utopić się, zatonąć
IF YOU PUT A PIECE OF IRON ONTO WATER, WOULD IT FLOAT?
No, if I put... but it'd sink
DO CLOUDS FLOAT ACROSS THE SKY WHEN IT'S A VERY
No, clouds don't float... but they hurry across the sky
CONQUER
podbić, zdobyć
DO YOU THINK THAT ONE DAY IN THE FUTURE ONE COUNTRY WILL
CONQUER ALL THE OTHERS ?/ Yes, I think that... or ... No, I don't think that...
TIDE
przypływ i odpływ morza
WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIGH TIDE AND LOW TIDE?
The difference between ... is that high tide's when the sea comes into the
land and low tide's when it goes out away from the land.
572
EMPIRE
cesarstwo, imperium
ROMAN
rzymski
DID THE GREEK EMPIRE COME BEFORE OR AFTER THE ROMAN
EMPIRE ?
The Greek ... before ...
LITERARY
literacki
WHO DO YOU THTNK'S THE GREATEST LITERARY FIGURE OF TODAY
IN YOUR COUNTRY ?
I think ... is the greatest...
GOVERN
rządzić
HOW IS YOUR COUNTRY GOVERNED ?
My country is governed by ...
DICTATION 51 UNEATABLE
niejadalny
As he has won/ several thousand pounds,/ he now has no need/ to borrow/ someone
else's car:/ he can now own one himself./ The wire cut into his skin/ and hurt him badly./
The cook let the meat boil/ for too long,/ and now it is completely uneatable./ You'll need
a lot more bricks/ to finish that wall./ Twelve inches make a foot;/ three feet make a yard./
The cost of living/ seems to be constantly rising./ Is there anywhere/ I can buy a daily
paper?/ Before they could ride the horse,/ they had to catch it./ Smoking is a bad habit./
He loosened his jacket/ and sat down.
573 LESSON 94
FEW
•
A FEW
FEEL SORRY FOR SOMEONE
mało
kilka, nie wiele współczuć komuś
The word "few" means "not many", whilst the words "a few" mean "some, but not
many"./ For example, if I say to you that I have few books at home, it means I
haven't many: perhaps only two or three, and you might feel sorry for me. If,
however, I say to you that I have a few books at home, it means that, although I
haven't many, I have some: perhaps enough for my purposes, and you might say
that you are pleased to hear it./
WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE WORDS "FEW" AND "A FEW" ?
The difference between ... is that the word "few" means "not many"
whilst the words "a few" means "some, but not many"
GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE OF EACH, PLEASE ! "I have few books", and,
"I have a few books"
HAVE YOU GOT FEW PICTURES HANGING UP ON YOUR WALLS AT
HOME, OR A FEW PICTURES ?
I
I've got... hanging up on ...
HOW MANY ?
LITTLE
mało
A LITTLE
trochę, niewiele
574
The difference between "little" and "a little" is the same as that between "few" and
"a few". The word "little" means "not much", whilst the words "a little" mean
"some, but not much". For example, if I say to you that I have little money, it means
I haven't much and am, in fact, poor. If, however, I say I have a little money, it
means that although I haven't much money, I have some and perhaps I have enough
for my purposes. It means that I am not poor./
WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE WORDS "LITTLE" AND
"A LITTLE" ? The difference between the words "little" and "a little" is the
same as that between "few"... The word "little" means ...
GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE OF EACH, PLEASE !
"I have little money", and, "I
have a little money"
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