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Street-Working and Street-Living Children in Peru:
Conditions and Current Interventions
Talinay Strehl
Foundation for International Research on Working Children (IREWOC)
November 2010
Project Supervisor: Professor Kristoffel Lieten
Copyeditor: Sonja Zweegers
Photos: Talinay Strehl
Cover photo: Children washing windscreens in Cusco
Web-ISBN: 978-90-79078-26-4
Copyright: IREWOC 2010
IREWOC, Hooglandse Kerkgracht 17H, 2312 HS Leiden
www.irewoc.nl; info@irewoc.nl
Supported by: Plan Netherlands, Cordaid and ASN Bank
IREWOC, the Amsterdam-based Foundation for International Research on Working Children intends
to generate more theoretically informed research on various aspects of child labour and child rights,
as well as to raise awareness and to motivate action around this complex issue. IREWOC is
associated with the University of Amsterdam and with the International Institute of Social History.
Note
A quantitative research study was carried out by Talinay Strehl and Anna Ensing in November 2009,
in preparation for this project. This current report is mainly qualitative in nature, but often calls
upon the quantitative data presented in the two unpublished reports:
ÑStreet-Working and Street-Living Children in Peru: Quantitative Report CuscoÒ
ÑStreet-Working and Street-Living Children in Peru: Quantitative Report LimaÒ
These two reports can be found on the IREWOC website (www.irewoc.nl)
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Contents
Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................5
Chapter 1: Introduction...............................................................................................6
1.2 Research objectives ...........................................................................................8
1.3 Methodology and fieldwork...................................................................................9
1.4 Organisation of chapters.................................................................................... 12
Chapter 2: Background ............................................................................................. 14
2.1 Children and poverty in Peru............................................................................... 14
2.2 Perspectives on child care in Peru ........................................................................ 15
2.3 Local context ................................................................................................. 16
Chapter 3: Family Background .................................................................................... 27
3.1 Family situations ............................................................................................. 27
3.2 Push-factors within the household and pull-factors on the street .................................. 30
Chapter 4: Street Life............................................................................................... 40
4.1 Characteristics of street-living children in Lima ....................................................... 40
4.2 Characteristics of street-living children in Cusco ...................................................... 47
4.3 Becoming a street child ..................................................................................... 49
4.4 Income generation and expenses.......................................................................... 51
4.5 Family contact ................................................................................................ 59
4.6 Social relations on the street .............................................................................. 60
4.7 Free time, sports and play ................................................................................. 63
Chapter 5: Consequences of Living on the Streets ............................................................ 65
5.1 Weak family relationships .................................................................................. 65
5.2 Drugs ........................................................................................................... 66
5.3 Violence........................................................................................................ 68
5.4 Police........................................................................................................... 69
5.5 Discrimination and self-esteem............................................................................ 71
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5.6 Education ...................................................................................................... 72
5.7 Lack of birth certificate and identity card .............................................................. 76
5.8 Poor health .................................................................................................... 77
5.9 Dreams and Wishes .......................................................................................... 78
Chapter 6: Comparisons and Contrasts with Street-working Children...................................... 80
6.1 Characteristics of street-working children .............................................................. 80
6.2 Reasons for working ......................................................................................... 81
6.3 Consequences of street work .............................................................................. 84
Chapter 7: Current Street Child Interventions and Policies.................................................. 87
7.1 Child protection and legal framework for (street) children in Peru ................................ 87
7.2 The local governmentÔs approach......................................................................... 91
7.3 Clearing the cityÔs streets from street children: street children and police ...................... 92
7.4 Non-governmental projects and services in Lima ...................................................... 97
7.5 Non-governmental projects and services in Cusco ....................................................108
7.6 ChildrenÔs ideas on street child services................................................................126
Chapter 8: Conclusions and Recommendations................................................................131
8.1 Conclusions ...................................................................................................131
8.2 Recommendations...........................................................................................136
Resources ............................................................................................................140
List of photos, figures and tables
Photo 1: ÑMy past has everything to do with my motherÒ .................................................. 10
Photo 2: ÑI love playing cards with my best friend on the street.Ò ....................................... 11
Photo 3: ÑI made this photo because I donÔt like it that parents bring their children to the streets to
work. Children should be in school and parents should work.Ã’ ............................................ 34
Photo 4: Street-working children from the country side in Cusco .......................................... 36
Photo 5: ÑThis is at Cine Planet. We get drinks and popcorn from the visitors of the cinema. The girl
is Susana, with her baby, and Diego is always sitting with his
teko
[glue].Ã’ ............................. 42
Photo 6: Street-living girl working in prostitution in Lima - photographed here with her boyfriend. 45
Photo 7: Street group in Cusco. ................................................................................... 50
Photo 8: Young street musicians posing with their instruments............................................. 53
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